Pic of the Week: The Black Eye Galaxy

Posted on by onespaceman2000
Image (Credit): Composite image of Messier 64 (M64) from the JWST and the Hubble Space Telescope. (NASA, CSA, ESA, F. Belfiore (ESO), J. Lee (STScI), A. Leroy (OSU), and D. Thilker (JHU); Image Processing: G. Kober (NASA/Catholic University))

This week’s image is from NASA’s Astronomy Picture of the Day. It is a composite image from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Hubble Space Telescope showing Messier 64 (M64), which is a spiral galaxy about 17 million light-years away.

Here is a little more information from NASA explaining what you are seeing here:

Sometimes where Hubble finds darkness, Webb sees light. An example is today’s composite images of Messier 64 (M64), a nearby spiral galaxy of many names. The dark band of dust partially blocking its bright core earned it the moniker “the Black Eye Galaxy.” Webb’s Mid-InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) sees that dust, shown in red, as it absorbs and re-emits light from surrounding newborn stars. These young stars are embedded in pink star-forming regions in the secondary Hubble-only image. M64’s inner and outer gas regions counter-rotate, creating regions of increased star formation where the two gas “currents” meet and compress. A merger between M64 and a smaller galaxy was likely the cause of the opposing motion of the outer gas. Spiral galaxies were once thought to have peaceful histories. M64 was key evidence that spiral galaxies, including the Milky Way, can and do experience mergers. Webb’s view of M64 will tell astronomers about the structure, motion, and composition of the galaxy’s dust and add context to the galaxy’s merger history and evolution.

Sci-Fi Quote: You Must Have Been Living in a Hole in the Ground If You Missed Silo

Posted on by onespaceman2000
Credit: Apple TV.

“It’s not like they’re writing the show and then having to come up with, ‘Oh, how to end this?’…This is a 40 episode story. So the ending… is very satisfying because it’s the end of a novel.”

–Statement by actor Ashley Zukerman, who plays Daniel Keene in the Silo television series, regarding the fourth and final season of the series coming out on July 9, 2027. If you missed the series, particularly season three, it is a show you need to watch. We talk about living in lava tubes on the Moon or Mars, but this show is about living in an underground silo for generations here on Earth after some pretty horrible terra-forming above. You can catch it on Apple TV.

Astronomy Question: The Oort Cloud

Posted on by onespaceman2000
Credit: NASA

Multiple Choice 1: How long will it take Voyager 2 to reach the Oort Cloud?

A. About 4 years
B. About 110 years
C. About 300 years
D. About 450 years

Multiple Choice 2: How long will it take Voyager 2 to cross the Oort Cloud?

A. About 50 years
B. About 250 years
C. About 1,500 years
D. About 300,000 years

Take a guess and then check your answer by going to the “Astronomy Question Answer Sheet” page.

Space Stories: German Rockets, A Planet-Eating Sun, and Lunar Water Resources

Posted on by onespaceman2000
Image (Credit): Isar Aerospace’s launch complex at Andøya Space in Norway. (Isar Aerospace)

Here are some recent space-related stories of interest.

—CNBC: “SpaceX Rival Launches Rocket in Historic First, Says Industry is ‘Desperate’ For More”

German rocket maker Isar Aerospace successfully reached orbit for the first time over the weekend, marking a milestone for Europe’s commercial space industry as the company looks to ramp up launches to meet what it says is booming demand. The Munich-based company’s Spectrum rocket reached orbit on Saturday and successfully deployed its payloads in low Earth orbit, an achievement that came on only its second test flight. Chief Commercial Officer Stella Guillen told CNBC on Monday that the company was now focused on scaling production, saying the space industry was “desperate” for additional launch capacity and that Isar had a pipeline worth more than 10 billion euros ($11.6 billion).

—Royal Astronomical Society: “‘Fingerprints’ Inside the Sun Could Reveal If It Once Swallowed a Planet“

It is thought the Sun may have engulfed a super-Earth-sized planet early in its history. Now a new study has gone a step further by suggesting that such an event may have left behind detectable clues inside our star which could still be visible today. This idea of a measurable signature or ‘fingerprints’ in the present-day solar interior was explored by research published today in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Professor Mutlu Yildiz, of Ege University in Turkey, said: “Our new study suggests that a planet several times more massive than Earth may have fallen into the young Sun and left a lasting chemical imprint deep inside it.

—Physics World: “Moon’s Water Reserves Insufficient to Sustain a Lunar City, Astronomers Find“

Some countries and even wealthy individuals are setting their sights on the Moon with ambitious plans to create a lunar colony. That would require a lot of resources launched from Earth, but how much water and power would be required to keep a lunar city going?…Even assuming one billion tonnes of water on the Moon, if nothing was recycled then a city of a million would last only a few years while a population of 100 000 would run for 20 years before running dry. Even when recycling the water with an efficiency of 98% – as performed on the International Space Station – a city of a million would only have enough water for around a century.

Note: Here is the podcast version of this post.

Podcasts: Recommended Recent Episodes – Exomoons, Star Trek, and Mars

Posted on by onespaceman2000
Credit: The MIT Press.

Here are a few recent podcast episodes you may want to check out.

First, I recommend the Star Talk episode “Rogue Planets & Exomoons with David Kipping.” This episode brings together two great promoters of astronomy who discuss a variety of topics, including not only planets without solar systems and the moons of exoplanets, but also the habitable zone of galaxies, civilizational monuments, and the idea that the inhabitants of a super-Earth may be trapped on the surface of their planet. It is a worthwhile tour of the galaxy.

Next, Planetary Radio had a fun episode celebrating the 60th anniversary of Star Trek. It is titled “Star Trek at 60: What do we value the most?” and it includes an interview with Robert Picardo, who you know from two Star Trek series as the Emergency Medical Hologram, yet he is also on the Board of Directors at The Planetary Society and a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He discusses his more than 30 years with the Star Trek family, and discusses how Star Trek fans have a unique connection to the founding of The Planetary Society.

One more Planetary Radio podcast episode may be of interest as well. Last month in a Book Club Edition episode titled “Becoming Martian by Scott Solomon,” we heard from the author of Becoming Martian: How Living in Space Will Change Our Bodies and Minds. Here is the quick summary from the book jacket:

We are on the cusp of a golden age of space travel in which, for the first time, it will be possible for large numbers of people to venture into space. Some intend to stay. But what happens—and will happen—to us in the extreme conditions of space? What should space tourists expect to happen to them during a journey to an orbiting space station, the Moon, or Mars? What would happen to children born on another planet? Would they evolve into a new species? In Becoming Martian, Scott Solomon explores the many ways in which humanity’s migration into space will change our bodies and our minds.

If you have a few minutes to listen in, you will not be disappointed.