Space Quote: Senators Question NASA Cuts

Credit: NASA/JPL.

“Although Congress has not completed the appropriations process for FY 2026, the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has already disregarded Congress’s constitutional authority to direct government spending, unlawfully impounding congressionally appropriated NASA FY 2025 funds. Before Congress had approved a single appropriations bill, the Trump Administration and OMB Director Russell Vought directed federal agencies to freeze over $100 million in appropriated funds for science initiatives at NASA. Amidst the threat of looming cuts, NASA has already lost over 2,000 senior-level employees at NASA centers in Maryland, Texas, Florida, Virginia, Alabama, and Ohio. These losses will deprive NASA of key expertise on science, human space flight, and mission support. In blatant violation of law and complete disregard for the authority of Congress, the President’s budget request has already done significant damage to American space exploration and innovation.”

-A statement in an August 1, 2025 letter from six Democratic US Senators to the acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy pertaining to ongoing and planned cuts at the agency. The Senators requested responses to six questions, including “How does NASA intend to accomplish its mission of leading in space when the proposed funding cuts will gut world-renowned missions like Mar Sample Return (MSR) and trigger the mass layoff of employees with decades of institutional expertise and knowledge?” A good question.

Study Findings: The Case for Mars Terraforming Research

Image (Credit): NASA infographic highlighting NASA’s twin robot geologists, the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Spirit and Opportunity. (NASA/JPL-Caltech)

Nature Astronomy abstract of the study findings:

Terraforming Mars has long captured the imagination but has received surprisingly little rigorous study. Progress in Mars science, climate science, launch capabilities and bioscience motivates a fresh look at Mars terraforming research. Since Sagan’s time, it has been understood that terraforming Mars would involve warming to enable oxygenic photosynthesis by engineered microbes, followed by slow oxygen build-up enabling more complex life. Before we can assess whether warming Mars is worthwhile, relative to the alternative of leaving Mars as a pristine wilderness, we must confront the practical requirements, cost and possible risks. Here we discuss what we know about Mars’s volatile inventories and soil composition, and possible approaches to warm Mars and increase atmospheric O2. New techniques have emerged that could raise Mars’s average global temperature by tens of degrees within a few decades. Research priorities include focusing on understanding fundamental physical, chemical and biological constraints that will shape any future decisions about Mars. Such research would drive advances in Mars exploration, bioscience and climate modelling.

Citation: DeBenedictis, E.A., Kite, E.S., Wordsworth, R.D. et al. The case for Mars terraforming research. Nat Astron 9, 634–639 (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02548-0

Study-related stories:

Sci.News – “Can We Make Mars Habitable through Terraforming?”

SciTechDaily – “Terraforming Mars: Scientists Reveal the 3-Step Plan to Breathe Life Into a Dead Planet”

Los Alamos National Laboratories – “Is Terraforming Mars Possible?”

Business as Usual: Launch of a New Crew to the ISS

Image (Credit): Launch of the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Kennedy Space Center earlier today sending the latest ISS crew into orbit. (NASA)

After a one day delay due to rain, a new crew is heading to the International Space Station (ISS). Earlier today, three astronauts and one cosmonaut departed from Launch Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The crew members are NASA astronauts Zena Cardman and Mike Fincke, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Kimiya Yui, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov.

Acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy issued a strange message about “bold leadership,” then praising the launch as though this was something new. He went on to link it to future Moon and Mars missions. I think he is a little too eager to be relevant here.

The bottom line is that this is a typical mission for NASA, showing that the agency can still get a rocket off the ground even as its employees are jumping out of windows (okay, walking out of doors). The Moon and Mars will need to wait for another day (and a new NASA administrator).

The new crew will rendezvous with the ISS early Saturday morning.

Pic of the Week: “Another World”

Image (Credit): 2025 shortlisted photo titled “Another World” by Felix Sproll. (https://reachforthestars.ie/exhibition/)

This week’s image comes from Ireland’s DIAS Reach for the Stars 2025 astronomy photo competition. The 2025 winners have yet to be announced, but the photos are available for the public to view (and vote on until last week).

This shortlisted entry by photographer Felix Sproll is titled “Another World.” It was taken in Dun Laoghaire located in Dublin, Ireland.

This is the story about the image from its creator:

Full moon rising behind Baily Lighthouse on Howth 9km away looking like another planet. I happened to be in Dun Laoghaire when I saw that the full Moon was set to rise on the opposite side of Dublin bay so I ligned it up with Baily Lighthouse at the end of Howth. I calculated the position to get the moon in the centre of the lighthouse when it reached the lighthouse using the photopills app. Nikon Z7ii and tamron 100-400 at 400mm, 1/5sec, ISO 6400, F6.3, minor adjustments in LR.

You can find many other fun images on the competition website. Winners will be announced next month.

The Successful Launch of the NISAR Satellite

Image (Credit): The NISAR satellite and its casing. (ISRO)

Earlier today the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite was successfully launched from India’s Satish Dhawan Space Centre. ISRO stands for the Indian Space Research Organisation, which is India’s national space agency.

This first of its kind mission between NASA and India puts into orbit the NISAR satellite that can see the Earth in a new way, detecting the smallest of changes in the Earth’s surface from its 464 mile high orbit, including ground deformation, ice sheet movement, and vegetation dynamics. The addition list of satellite capabilities on the ISRO site include:

…sea ice classification, ship detection, shoreline monitoring, storm characterization, changes in soil moisture, mapping & monitoring of surface water resources and disaster response.

NASA’s Earth Science division director, Karen St. Germain, stated:

Observations from NISAR will provide new knowledge and tangible benefits for communities both in the U.S. and around the world…This launch marks the beginning of a new way of seeing the surface of our planet so that we can understand and foresee natural disasters and other changes in our Earth system that affect lives and property.

This will be useful information given that we run the risk of reverse-terraforming our Earth.