Pic of the Week: Collision in the Coma Galaxy Cluster

Posted on by onespaceman2000
Image (Credit): Interacting spiral galaxies called MCG+05-31-045 as captured by the Hubble Space Telescope. (ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. J. Foley (UC Santa Cruz))

This week’ image was captured by the Hubble Space Telescope. It captures the interplay between two galaxies in what is called MCG+05-31-045 that is part of the Coma galaxy cluster. These two galaxies are about 390 million light-years away.

Here is more on the image from NASA:

The Coma Cluster is a particularly rich cluster that contains over a thousand known galaxies. Amateur astronomers can easily spot several of these in a backyard telescope (See Caldwell 35). Most of them are elliptical galaxies, and that’s typical of a dense galaxy cluster like the Coma Cluster: many elliptical galaxies form through close encounters between galaxies that stir them up, or even collisions that rip them apart. While the stars in interacting galaxies can stay together, their gas is twisted and compressed by gravitational forces and rapidly used up to form new stars. When the hot, massive, blue stars die, there is little gas left to form new generations of young stars to replace them. As spiral galaxies interact, gravity disrupts the regular orbits that produce their striking spiral arms. Whether through mergers or simple near misses, the result is a galaxy almost devoid of gas, with aging stars orbiting in uncoordinated circles: an elliptical galaxy.

It’s very likely that a similar fate will befall MCG+05-31-045. As the smaller spiral galaxy is torn up and integrated into the larger galaxy, many new stars will form, and the hot, blue ones will quickly burn out, leaving cooler, redder stars behind in an elliptical galaxy, much like others in the Coma Cluster. But this process won’t be complete for many millions of years.

A Day in Astronomy: The Birth of Edwin Hubble

Posted on by onespaceman2000
Image (Credit): Edwin Hubble at the Mount Wilson Observatory in California. (Edwin P. Hubble Papers, Huntington Library, San Marino, California)

On this day in 1889, Edwin Powell Hubble was born in Marshfield, Missouri. He would go on to become an important astronomer who found that the “nebulae” in his time were actually galaxies far beyond our Milky Way. He also determined that the galaxies were moving away from one another, indicating an expanding universe. Of course, name is probably most recognizable to the pubic today as it relates to the Hubble Space Telescope.

Edwin Hubble knew he was part of long list of astronomers seeking answers about our universe when he said:

From our home on the Earth, we look out into the distances and strive to imagine the sort of world into which we were born. Today, we have reached far into space. Our immediate neighborhood we know rather intimately. But with increasing distance our knowledge fades … The search will continue. The urge is older than history. It is not satisfied and will not be suppressed.

You can read more about Edwin Hubble here.

Upcoming Space Policy Conflicts?

Posted on by onespaceman2000

Will Elon Musk have the freedom to muck around at NASA and with space policy in general? It all depends whether VP-elect J.D. Vance is willing to step aside from what could be seen as a duplicative space policy role, as noted in The Conversation:

Vice-president-elect J.D. Vance will chair the National Space Council, which develops policy on civil, commercial, international and national security. Many of the first Trump administration’s space policy successes can be traced to the council. Given the influence Musk seems likely to have in the new administration, the National Space Council could be seen as duplicating or being in conflict with the objectives of SpaceX’s founder…So could the council become a casualty of these drives? If it survives, its future potential depends on who is named as the executive secretary, a position that has significant power.

The National Space Council, which is under the White House, has a web page stating that while the Council was established in 1989, it was dormant from 1993-2017. Hence, it was the last Trump administration that brought it back to life.

Is Trump willing to let it lay dormant again so that Mr. Musk can have even greater say in steering taxpayer funds into his pockets? We’ll see what happens, as Mr. Trump often quips.

NASA’s Management Challenges

Posted on by onespaceman2000
Image (Credit): The crew of NASA’s upcoming Artemis II mission. (NASA)

With NASA now facing a new administration in Washington, it is worth looking at where the agency is at the moment and what may need some attention. The 2024 Report on NASA’s Top Management and Performance Challenges, released by the NASA Office of the Inspector General (OIG), is a good place to start.

Here are a few of the challenges facing NASA at the moment:

  • Improving the Management of Major Programs and Projects
    • Changing requirements, significant technical issues, increased costs, and schedule delays continue to impact the sustainability of major programs and projects.
    • Cost increases and schedule delays often create cascading effects across NASA’s portfolio of projects.
    • Without complete, credible, timely, and transparent cost and schedule commitments for the Agency’s major projects, it is difficult for NASA, Congress, and stakeholders to make informed decisions about the prioritization of efforts and the Agency’s long-term funding needs.

  • Partnering with Commercial Industry
    • The transition to commercial space systems will require significant long-term financial investments by NASA and private companies as well as growing demand for non-NASA customers to ensure long-term economic viability.
    • Commercial partners are competitors in an emerging industry, developing modern space transportation capabilities and associated operations that have never been available.
    • The challenge to commercial partnerships comes in balancing the speed of development, flexibility, and adherence to timelines against the safety and reliability of new technology.

  • Enabling Mission Critical Capabilities and Support Services
    • NASA faces challenges with its mission critical capabilities including attracting and retaining a highly skilled and diverse workforce and managing outdated infrastructure and facilities needed for science, aeronautics, and exploration missions.
    • NASA’s decentralized information technology management structure and lack of strategic leadership negatively affect the Agency’s ability to protect and fully utilize computer systems and data vital to its mission.
    • NASA’s contract management practices have consistently led to increased costs and overly generous award fees.

This is quite a list, and the report goes into great detail on all of them. Of course, this is not SSA or the IRS with a pretty standard day-to-day mission, and where future expectations of the agency are easily foreseeable. As the auditors note, NASA is dealing with high-risk, complex issues requiring highly skilled workers who have to maintain many current programs around the solar system while also assisting a newly emerging private space industry here in the United States (which is pinching its staff). Moreover, looking back at the beginning of the universe as well as searching for sources of life in the universe today are big missions. We are asking a lot of NASA. This is rocket science and much, much more.

Kudos to NASA for what it has done over the years while maintaining a highly-motivated workforce.

In addition, since I expect Elon Musk will try to claim that he came up with these issues on his own, I thought it was worth highlighting this report now. NASA knows it has a lot to do and it is working to solve these matters each and every day.