A Day in Astronomy: The Hubble Space Telescope is Launched

Posted on by onespaceman2000
Image (Credit): The Hubble Space Telescope orbits with Earth in the background. (NASA)

On this day in 1990, NASA’s Space Shuttle Discovery launched the Hubble Space Telescope. We do not think of the shuttles anymore as we discuss reusable rockets, but the shuttles were the first reusable spacecraft-launching vehicles.

After some initial problems, the Hubble became a critical component in the exploration of the universe. Some of the telescope’s amazing images are shown below.

It is still going strong, even though its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is the more powerful of the two. Launched in late 2021, the JWST has expanded on some of Hubble’s earlier work. The pair are a powerful team.

Here are a few interesting facts about Hubble:

  • Hubble has made more than 1.5 million observations since its mission began in 1990.
  • Astronomers using Hubble data have published more than 19,000 scientific papers, making it one of the most productive scientific instruments ever built. Those papers have been cited in other papers over 1.1 million times.
  • Hubble has no thrusters. To change angles, it uses Newton’s third law by spinning its wheels in the opposite direction. It turns at about the speed of a minute hand on a clock, taking 15 minutes to turn 90 degrees.
  • Hubble has peered back into the very distant past, to locations more than 13.4 billion light-years from Earth.
  • Hubble’s mirror is about 7.9 feet (2.4 m) across. It was so finely polished that if you scaled it to be the diameter of the Earth, you would not find a bump more than 6 inches (15 cm) tall.
Image (Credit): The Carina Nebula. (NASA, ESA, N. Smith (University of California, Berkeley), and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
Image (Credit): NGC 3603. (NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration)
Image (Credit): The Horsehead Nebula, otherwise known as Barnard 33. (NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI))

Study Findings: Direct Imaging and Astrometric Detection of a Gas Giant Planet Orbiting an Accelerating Star

Posted on by onespaceman2000
Image (Credit): Artist’s rendering of Gaia mapping the stars of the Milky Way. (European Space Agency)

Science abstract:

Direct imaging of gas giant exoplanets provides information on their atmospheres and the architectures of planetary systems. However, few planets have been detected in blind surveys with direct imaging. Using astrometry from the Gaia and Hipparcos spacecraft, we identified dynamical evidence for a gas giant planet around the nearby star HIP 99770. We confirmed the detection of this planet with direct imaging using the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics instrument. The planet, HIP 99770 b, orbits 17 astronomical units from its host star, receiving an amount of light similar to that reaching Jupiter. Its dynamical mass is 13.9 to 16.1 Jupiter masses. The planet-to-star mass ratio [(7 to 8) × 10−3] is similar to that of other directly imaged planets. The planet’s atmospheric spectrum indicates an older, less cloudy analog of the previously imaged exoplanets around HR 8799.

Citation: Thayne Currie, G. Mirek Brandt, Timothy D. Brandt, Brianna Lacy, Adam Burrows, Olivier Guyon, Motohide Tamura, Ranger Y. Liu, Sabina Sagynbayeva, Taylor Tobin, Jeffrey Chilcote, Tyler Groff, Christian Marois, William Thompson, Simon J. Murphy, Masayuki Kuzuhara, Kellen Lawson, Julien Lozi, Vincent Deo, Sebastien Vievard, Nour Skaf, Taichi Uyama, Nemanja Jovanovic, Frantz Martinache, N. Jeremy Kasdin, Tomoyuki Kudo, Michael McElwain, Markus Janson, John Wisniewski, Klaus Hodapp, Jun Nishikawa, Krzysztof Hełminiak, Jungmi Kwon, Masahiko Hayashi. Direct imaging and astrometric detection of a gas giant planet orbiting an accelerating star. Science (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo6192

Study-related stories:

Good Article: Telescope Mishaps on Earth and in the Heavens

Posted on by onespaceman2000
Image (Copy): The Wyoming Infrared Observatory (WIRO). (WIRO)

The New York Times had a good article on various mishaps related to telescopes here on Earth (such as WIRO above) as well as those now floating in space. The story, “From Bullets to ‘Bird Residue,’ the Many Trials of Telescopes,” shares stories about various natural (bird poop) and man-made (dropped tool) events that have left their marks on astronomy.

We have all heard about the misshaped mirror on the Hubble Space Telescope as well as micrometeors hitting the James Webb Space Telescope, but have you heard about the employee who shot and hammered the primary mirror at the McDonald Observatory in West Texas?

Take a look at the article. You will find plenty of stories to amuse you as well as give you pause.

Space Quote: Another Word for Explosion

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Image (Credit): The Starship before the “rapid unscheduled disassembly.” (SpaceX)

“As if the flight test was not exciting enough, Starship experienced a rapid unscheduled disassembly before stage separation.”

-Statement by SpaceX following the self-destruct of the Starship rocket after it started to spin out of control. What a way to put a spin on a malfunction. I am sensing the rapid unscheduled disassembly of the English language.

Pic of the Week: Starship Explodes Mid-Air

Posted on by onespaceman2000
Image (Credit): Starship explosion after launch on April 20, 2023. (Rueters)

This week’s image is from today’s launch of the SpaceX Starship. The rocket experienced engine troubles and exploded about four minutes following the launch after reaching a height of 25 miles. The goal of this mission was to reach at least 90 miles.

SpaceX had this to say about the launch:

At 8:33 a.m. CT, Starship successfully lifted off from the orbital launch pad for the first time. The vehicle cleared the pad and beach as Starship climbed to an apogee of ~39 km over the Gulf of Mexico – the highest of any Starship to-date. The vehicle experienced multiple engines out during the flight test, lost altitude, and began to tumble. The flight termination system was commanded on both the booster and ship. As is standard procedure, the pad and surrounding area was cleared well in advance of the test, and we expect the road and beach near the pad to remain closed until tomorrow.

With a test like this, success comes from what we learn, and we learned a tremendous amount about the vehicle and ground systems today that will help us improve on future flights of Starship.